ABSTRACT
El saber generado por la(el) enfermera(o) a través de sus investigaciones y trabajo sistemático, constituye el cuerpo de conocimiento propio de Enfermería, el cual ha sido desarrollado desde sus inicios a partir de un enfoque cuantitativo. Sin embargo, este no es suficiente para comprender la disciplina de enfermería en su globalidad, debido a que el conocimiento de esta se basa en la comprensión de la naturaleza humana y su respuesta al entorno, difícil de aproximarse en profundidad solo desde la mirada cuantitativa. La enfermería se ha permitido cuestionar que este tipo de investigación sea la única forma de conocer, rescatando la dimensión humana de la ciencia. Es por esto que a partir de los años 80 surge la investigación cualitativa como un método que permite nutrir la ciencia de enfermería. En este escenario aparece la fenomenología como filosofía y método de investigación que permite estudiar y comprender las experiencias vividas por las personas. Derivado de lo expuesto surge la pregunta: ¿es la fenomenología un método necesario para la creación de conocimiento disciplinar en enfermería? Finalmente, se concluyó que la fenomenología es un tipo de investigación que entrega la oportunidad de desarrollar la disciplina, aproximándose en profundidad al fenómeno de interés, el cuidado del ser humano. Este conocimiento brindará la posibilidad de cuidados integrales y centrados en las necesidades de cada persona(AU)
Through their daily work and research, nurses have created a body of information known as nursing knowledge, which has always been based on a quantitative approach. However, the quantitative approach is not enough to thoroughly understand the nursing discipline, since knowledge about nursing also depends on an understanding of human nature and its response to the environment, which is difficult to achieve from a merely quantitative perspective. In the context of nursing, doubt has arisen whether quantitative research is the only path to knowledge, thus rescuing the human dimension of science. Qualitative research emerged in the 1980s as a method to inform nursing science. It is in this context that phenomenology came into being as a philosophy and research method allowing to study and understand the events experienced by people. A question arose: Is phenomenology a method required to create disciplinary knowledge in nursing? It was finally concluded that phenomenology is a type of research that offers an opportunity to develop the discipline by deeply approaching the phenomenon under study, i.e., the care of human beings. Such knowledge will make it possible to provide comprehensive care focused upon the specific needs of each person(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Research/methods , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
In Chile swine trichinosis has presented a progressive decreasing in the last two decades of XX century. T. spiralis pig infection descended from an average of 0,683 per 1000 in 1980-1984 to 0,315 in 1985-1989 and to 0,115 in 1990-1996. In the particular case of Metropolitan Region this decreasing has been more marked: from an average of 0,058 per 1000 in 1990-1994 to 0,003 in 1995-1999. Between the end of june 1999 and middle january 2000 in Metropolitan Region abattoirs T. spiralis was detected in 15 (4,9 percent) out of 306 swine from two pigsties located in El Monte (E.M) and Padre Hurtado (P.H) 45 and 30 km south-west from Santiago. In the same period another four pigs from the same premises were found infected in abattoirs of other regions. During inspection visits it was stated that both pig farms had deficient sanitary conditions. Phototrichinoscopy was positive in three out of five rattus norvegicus collected in E.M. In pigsty PH the examination of diaphragm samples of 25 dogs and 17 cats resulted negative. In the premises originating T. spirali infected swine the Metropolitan Environmetal Health Service Abattoirs Program carries out and epidemiological vigilance consisting in the follow-up of animls destined for slaughtering in order to initiate prophylactic actions oriented to eliminate eventual sources of trichinosis infection for human and rearing pigs